雅思作文审题（六）：双边讨论的作文到底该怎(3)

Group activities such as team sports can teach at least three life skills that benefit young people ,the social aspect of group activities might be what appeals to young people in the first in such activities gives young people an opportunity to spend time with peers in a learning environment and practice their social ,by learning to positively handle the winning and losing outcome in group activities,young people can foster their fair-play sportsmanship,a trait extremely important both in their youth-hood and ,group activities will help people understand the value of will get to know that working as a team is key to success in life,though this sometimes might mean personal sacrifices.

To conclude,though group activities can teach people many important life skills,people can gain a lot of other essential skills from solo activities as well.As it is hard to tell which set of skills is more important,we cannot reach the consensus of opinion as to which kind of activities is more useful in the development of our life skills.□

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上一期，老雅提出了雅思作文的两个基本结构，分别是“一边倒”和“双边讨论”，然后讨论了“一边倒”作文结构。老雅认为，在这种结构的作文中，考生虽然选择一边倒地支持某个观点，但也应该对对方的观点进行讨论，要么否定对方观点，要么承认对方观点的合理性，只有这样，考官才会觉得你是在全面讨论双方观点的基础上得出自己的观点，而不是自说自话的一根筋。本期专栏中，老雅拟讲解“双边讨论”结构的基本操作方法和常见的问题。“双边讨论”是相对“一边倒”而言的，也就是说，考生将分别讨论题目中给定观点的正反面，或者题目中的两个观点，对其各自的合理性进行论证。比如，题目问：有人认为，中学生必须学习历史这样的课程，而另外一些人认为，中学生应该学习科学和技术类的课程。请讨论双方观点并提出自己的看法。对这个题目，多数同学都会采用双边讨论的结构：首先讨论高中生为什么应该学习历史之类的课程，然后讨论高中生为什么应该学习科学和技术类课程，最后进行总结。那么，什么时候适合用双边讨论结构？用这个结构时应该注意哪些问题？老雅对“剑桥雅思4-14”中给定的高分范文进行了深入研究后发现，在收集到的19 篇7 分以上的范文中，仅有3 篇采用“一边倒”结构，其余16 篇无一例外都进行了双边讨论。这说明，雅思作文里采用双边讨论的几率要远远高于一边倒。然而，我们有很多老师建议学生在写作中使用一边倒结构，理由是这样写“观点更明确”。老雅完全理解这些老师的初衷。因为很多学生缺乏思辨能力，如果强行让他们进行双边讨论，结果往往是丢失了自己的观点，从而造成“观点不明确”这样的重大失误。但是，正如老雅在上期讨论中所说的那样，在题目给定的两个观点都很合理的情况下，强行使用一边倒结构也会导致丢分，因为这样的一边倒观点明显没有说服力。因此，烤鸭在备考时，不能为了“观点明确”而一味使用一边倒，而是要学会如何在双边讨论结构中也能表达自己明确的观点。在双边讨论结构的作文中，如何表达自己的观点是关键，同时也是一个难题。很多烤鸭在论述完双方观点的合理性后，往往得出“双方都有理由”或者“两者都很重要”这样的结论。比如，前面提到的关于历史和科学的题目中，很多考生在分别论证完中学生应该学习历史和科学之后，结论就是“对中学生来说，历史和科学都非常重要，都应该学习”。再比如，题目问：有人说理论知识对人生很重要，但另外一些人则认为实践经验对人生更重要。请讨论双方观点并提出自己的看法。对这个题目，相信多数学生都会采用双边讨论的结构：首先论证理论知识的重要性，然后讨论实践经验的重要性，最后得出“理论知识和实践经验都很重要”这个结论。这样写作文，就相当于考生承认自己没有观点，必然导致丢分，因此是志在高分的烤鸭必须避免的。那么，怎样在双边讨论后，有效地提出自己的观点呢？老雅提出三种基本方法，供大家参考。第一，倾向于一方的结论：A 和B 都有道理，但相对而言A 更有道理，因为A涉及的是我们生活中最根本的方面，或者A涉及的层次比B更为深刻，等等。比如，讨论完“历史课和科学课都很重要”后，我们可以在结尾段提出：中学生更应该学习科学课，因为科学课往往需要通过老师的课堂指导才能学好，而文科可以通过自己阅读并与别人展开讨论就可以学习，因此我认为中学应该多安排科学课，同时通过多种方式鼓励学生阅读历史书。第二，支持一方的结论：A 和B 都有道理，但A 更好，因为B 有缺陷。比如，有人认为孩子应该从小学开始学外语，另外一些人认为应该从中学开始学。如果采用双边讨论结构，先谈从小学开始学习外语的好处，再谈从中学开始学习外语的好处，最后结论是更支持从中学开始学习外语，那么我们就要在另外一个观点，即从小学开始学习外语这个观点中寻找漏洞。比如，有人认为从小学开始学习外语，孩子会有很多时间学习，但是由于小学缺少高水平老师，学生学得越多，错误就越多，未来就得花更多时间来纠正这些错误，结果造成的不是节约了时间，而是更多的时间浪费。第三，同意双方的结论：在这种结论中，不能简单说“双方都很重要/都有理由”就结束，这样相当于没有自己的见解，而是要说明两个观点的重要性/理由适用于不同情况或不同层次。比如，讨论完“理论知识和实践经验都很重要”后，我们可以在结尾段提出：虽然这两者都很重要，但对于不同人群来说，或者不同工作来说，理论知识和实践经验的重要性明显有所区别。总结一下：（一）雅思作文中，多数都应采取双边讨论的结构。这其实也符合雅思的命题思路，所给定的观点通常都是有一定道理的，也可能带有极端性，需要考生将其隐含的合理性和极端性指出来；（二）双边讨论后，在最后一段一定要体现出考生自己的观点和见解，不能简单同意题目中的观点。以下，我们来看两篇雅思范文，它们均采用了“双边讨论”的结构。范文一【题目】Some people think a country benefits from a large proportion of young people who have received higher education,but others think sending young people to universities only leads to graduate both views and give your own opinion.(2018/09/30)【思路分析】本题给出了两个观点：①大学毕业生多了对国家有好处；②大学毕业生多了只会引起大学生失业率增加。这两个观点都有一定道理，因此范文采用了双边讨论的结构：先讨论大学生人数增多对国家的好处，再讨论大学人数增多可能带来的就业影响。结论是支持观点①，因为大学生人数增多会提升岗位就业人员的整体素质，却不会减少就业岗位，因此不会导致大学生失业率增加。Nowadays,the general trend seems to be that more and more young people go to college and receive higher china alone,for example,about 7 million out of 9.4 million high school students were accepted by universities in 2014,while only 35 years ago,only 5% high school students went to rapid increase of the number of university students,though supported by almost all governments throughout the world,has given rise to doubts among some people who insist that there is close interrelationship between the large number of university graduates and the high unemployment ,as more people have access to university education,the entire country will benefit from it.For one thing,the country will be equipped with a workforce of higher specialised training these people receive at universities can help people in the country in many better doctors,people can enjoy longer lives;with more professional architects,people can live more comfortably and safely;with more skilled horticulturists,people can live in a more beautiful ,if universities are open to more high school students,they will face less intense academic a result,these students can enjoy more freedom to learn things that really interest them and so they can learn them better as interest is always the best are many people,however,who would link the rise of unemployment rate to the increased number of university their viewpoint,as more and more young graduates pour into the job market,to get a job has become increasingly example,here in China,a teaching position was rather easy to obtain 20 years ago,but now the position is open only to those with a M.A.,or even To my mind,it is certainly a good thing to have more people receive university education since this can upgrade the overall quality of the workforce in a ,more university graduates do not naturally lead to more people losing their job.More university graduates will indeed make the competition for well-paid jobs more intense,yet they do not reduce the number of available means some university graduates will have to do the jobs originally held by less educated is not bad,since all jobs,well-paid or not,will be done by more qualified people.范文二【题目】Team/group activities can teach more important skills for life than those activities which are played alone.To what extent do you agree or disagree?【思路分析】本题给出的观点是：在培养生活技能方面，团队活动比个人活动更重要。本题看似只有一个观点，其实也隐含了两个对立的立场。由于团队活动和个人活动都能培养生活技能，因此范文采用双边讨论结构，但在讨论的时候，范文区分了两种生活技能，即依靠自己的技能和依靠团队的技能，认为个人活动有利于培养责任心和自力更生的精神，而团队活动有利于培养合作和公平精神。由于无法确定这两种技能哪个更重要，因此也无法确定团队活动和个人活动到底谁更重要。这样就通过双边讨论回答了题目的问题。Are activities played as a team better than those played individually when it comes to learning life skills? The answer,I think,depends on the life skills in question—self-reliance,responsibility,cooperation,sportsmanship,or the ability to feel that are played alone can develop the sense of self-reliance and responsibility in young is because in such activities,success is entirely a matter of personal efforts,and young people will have to learn to rely on themselves and consider the consequences of their own decisions and ,playing alone requires one to motivate oneself as there is no team pressure and there is nobody else to blame for intrinsic motivation as a life skill is perhaps more powerful than external motivation in a still,people can perhaps derive more happiness and satisfaction from their success in individual sports,and this sense of self-recognition is an essential skill in their work and activities such as team sports can teach at least three life skills that benefit young people ,the social aspect of group activities might be what appeals to young people in the first in such activities gives young people an opportunity to spend time with peers in a learning environment and practice their social ,by learning to positively handle the winning and losing outcome in group activities,young people can foster their fair-play sportsmanship,a trait extremely important both in their youth-hood and ,group activities will help people understand the value of will get to know that working as a team is key to success in life,though this sometimes might mean personal conclude,though group activities can teach people many important life skills,people can gain a lot of other essential skills from solo activities as well.As it is hard to tell which set of skills is more important,we cannot reach the consensus of opinion as to which kind of activities is more useful in the development of our life skills.□［与老雅继续交流，请加微信公众号ieltswriting4u（唐老雅英语写作工作室）］

文章来源：《中学生英语》 网址: http://www.zxsyyzz.cn/qikandaodu/2020/0904/525.html